The Urinary System :: science

The Urinary SystemHow do the urinay arrangement work Your body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain only bodily functions including energy and self-repair. After your body has taken what it needs from the food, waste products be left behind in the blood and in the bowel. The urinary formation works with the lungs, skin, and intestines--all of which also excrete wastes--to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced. Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of piss all(prenominal) day. The amount depends on many factors, especially the amounts of fluid and food a person consumes and how much fluid is lost through sweat and breathing. Certain types of medications stooge also affect the amount of urine eliminated.The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken low in the body. Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys.Th e kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of your fists. They are near the middle of the back, just downstairs the rib cage. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches (200 to 250 mm) long. Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys. If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop. Small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds.The bladder is a hollow muscular organ shaped like a balloon. It sits in your pelvi s and is held in place by ligaments attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder stores urine until you are ready to go to the bathroom to empty it. It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. If the urinary system is healthy, the bladder can hold up to 16 fluid ounces (500 ml) of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.

Reality: Influenced by an Individual’s Perception and Interpretation E

Reality Influenced by an Individuals Perception and InterpretationWhen the terminal sincereity is mentioned, some(prenominal) questions arise regarding what reality is and what is real originate also. Unfortunately, many of these questions are yet to be answered since determining reality and what is real are left over(p) to each individuals imagination - for one to determine reality as he or she sees fit. A dictionary may provide a definition for the word reality, but things that constitute reality may never be entirely defined because it is one of those things that is almost completely based on an individuals perception and interpretation. A dictionary may also provide a definition for the word perception and the word interpretation, but many individuals perceive and interpret many things very differently. With the vast variation of people, thoughts, and beliefs in our world, how should society determine the boundaries of reality? On the other hand, is it even possible to bewilder specific limits when considering reality? The movie chosen, as a springboard into the forthcoming philosophical discussion, was Dark City, A Mystery Clock Production by New Line Cinema directed by Alex Proyas. The movie raised many interesting questions and produced many engaging comments. At the very beginning of the movie, you chance upon the voice of Dr. Schreber, played by Kieffer Sutherland. He begins by saying, They the Strangers had mastered the ultimate technology, the ability to alter physical reality by entrust alone.i1 If the Strangers are repair reality, the people of the city will never truly know what is real and what is artificial. Consequently, the city in which they live is all artificial and made up. We as viewers can see this, but ... ...ed and are likely to continue to remain unanswered for many years to come. It is highly doubtful the term reality will ever be entirely and unrestrictedly measurable.Notesi1 Dr. Daniel P. Schreber in Dark City the movie.ii2 Detective Walenski in Dark City the movie.iii3 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 5.iv4 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 9.v5 Ludlow, Peter. proud Noon on the Electronic Frontier. P 24.vi6 Collins Gem Dictionary and Thesaurus. P 450.vii7 Collins Gem Dictionary and Thesaurus. P 335.viii8 www.philosophypages.com/dy/ix3.htmreal the definition of reality.ix9 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 213.x10 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 3.xi11 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 5.xii12 Woolley, Benjamin. Virtual Worlds. P 3.

Grading System Reform Essay example -- Argumentative Persuasive Educat

Grading System Reform Teachers have always used grades to measure the heart a savant has learned. This practice is becoming ineffective. Many savants have a wide range of grades, which show that grades may non show what a student really knows. Therefore, the exemplification grading system should be replaced. Some reasons why grades should be replaced are bad grades stinker hinder a childs performance, grades define who a student is in the classroom, and grades are not an effective way to see if students have learned the material. The current grading system should be upgraded and every schooltime should incorporate the plus/minus system in their method of grading.The public high schools began a grading system as a way of notice an individual how they were performing. There was no interest by the public in reporting the schools progress at teaching. Teachers, in an effort to discern outstanding performers, looked for a way of rewarding hard-working students for their efforts T he grading structure changed from superior and excellent to As and Bs. This placed such(prenominal) of the burden of recognizing faculty member talent on the high schools.Hindering a students performance with a bad grade in the philia of the year can make them give up for the rest of the year. Once a student has received a bad grade they might draw back faith in their academic ability. By giving up a student does not reflect their academic ability and their bad grades are not based on what they learned.Students are... Grading System Reform Essay example -- Argumentative Persuasive EducatGrading System Reform Teachers have always used grades to measure the amount a student has learned. This practice is becoming ineffective. Many students have a wide range of grades, which show that grades may not show what a student really knows. Therefore, the standard grading system should be replaced. Some reasons why grades should be replaced are bad grades can hinder a childs performance, grades define who a student is in the classroom, and grades are not an effective way to see if students have learned the material. The current grading system should be upgraded and every school should incorporate the plus/minus system in their method of grading.The public high schools began a grading system as a way of telling an individual how they were performing. There was no interest by the public in reporting the schools progress at teaching. Teachers, in an effort to recognize outstanding performers, looked for a way of rewarding hard-working students for their efforts The grading structure changed from superior and excellent to As and Bs. This placed much of the burden of recognizing academic talent on the high schools.Hindering a students performance with a bad grade in the middle of the year can make them give up for the rest of the year. Once a student has received a bad grade they might lose faith in their academic ability. By giving up a student does not re flect their academic ability and their bad grades are not based on what they learned.Students are...

Life Without N Sync - A Satirical Essay :: essays research papers

Life without NSync A soon-to-be reality, or a teenaged girls worst nightm ar?I would hate to even suggest that we might soon exist in a world without NSync. Their songs inspire us, as well as being very morally sound. Their creative and innovative fashions and tunes gives us the much needed variety that keeps us interested about the next aptly-titled CD they ordinate out. They are great role models for every aspiring teen dream, and give teenaged boys something to aspire to. NSync is a positive contributor to our society. NSyncs writers have written some very memorable songs in the past, including Digital Getdown and Thats When Ill Stop Loving You. These songs are filled with inspiring lyrics such as, Dont wanna be the reason for your love no more and Baby, baby situate nasty, nasty and we can get freaky deaky. These lyrics teach the 8 year old fans just what girls are good for, and make them feel loved and respected at the same sentence they teaching them some interesting vocab ulary that they can use in everyday life. I like the consistency of the song titles, because consistency is very important. A large portion of their titles include the word you, or me, which definitely showcases their creativity. The fact that they let talented musicians do the instrumental sections proves that they care about how their music sounds. NSyncs songs are a positive influence on todays youth. Its a definite relief to know that Justin Timberlake is having a good hair day, and that Chris Kirkpatrick had a good photo shoot. I am glad to know that their latest CD has gone multi-platinum and they have made slews of money, because their happiness is very important to me. One can never get tired of their adorable puppy-dog faces and their cute plays on words that have been carefully scripted. Their intelligence, dexterity and creativity has led me to believe that they are very positive role models for their fans, and they are who every teenaged boy should strive to be. The th ings I like close about NSync are the fact that they went from having no talent and no money to having no talent and lots of money. Its good that snip publishers have made entire series of magazines all about them. I enjoy reading the countless articles and interviews about them, because I say The more, the better Without NSync, many teenaged girls wouldnt have music to listen to, or any pictures to put on their walls.

Dandelion Wine Essay -- essays research papers

Dandelion WineDandelion wine was a story about a cardinal-year old boy named, DouglasSpaulding. Douglas was just a typical twelve year old boy, who lived to play,run around and do what any other twelve year old would do. Not a very physically pair person, but it didnt really seem to matter. He was a person who got what hewanted, not by whining for it, but by keeping his mind on some(prenominal) he wanted andsetting out a goal for it. He was a happy boy and not many problems, till now,and he had a younger brother named Tom.Tom Spaulding, age ten, did what other little brothers like to do, tagalong with his onetime(a) brother. He was never in the way of his older brother, infact they liked being together. Tom took every day slowly, writing mosteverything down, the first day of summer, the firs...

Dandelion Wine Essay -- essays research papers

Dandelion WineDandelion wine was a story closely a dozen-year old boy named, DouglasSpaulding. Douglas was just a typical twelve year old boy, who lived to play,run around and do what any other twelve year old would do. Not a very physicallyfit person, but it didnt really seem to matter. He was a person who got what hewanted, not by whining for it, but by keeping his mind on whatever he wanted andsetting out a goal for it. He was a happy boy and not many problems, till now,and he had a younger brother named Tom.Tom Spaulding, age ten, did what other little brothers like to do, ragalong with his older brother. He was never in the way of his older brother, infact they liked being together. Tom took every day slowly, indite mosteverything down, the first day of summer, the firs...

Goodnight Mr.Tom Review

Review of Goodnight Mr. Tom by Michelle Magorian Goodnight Mr. Tom is set in the midst of World War II and the German attacks of London. In the novel many children are sent away from England? s capital onto pacific places for protection. These children are called refugees and they are to stay in the houses of the inhabitants. This is thus, the destiny of little(a) William Beech who is sent to Little Wierwold to Tom Oakley, the man who shelters him. The child was world abused by his mother so he is very shy. Therefore, Mr. Oakley helps him confront his problems and Willie drastically changes.He starts to make friends like Zacharias Wrench, or Zach for short. They become best friends and have marvelous moments together. Afterwards, Williamss mother asks for him to go back to London as she is sick. Beech? s mother really is insane and when they enter the house she says she has a surprise. The surprise was that Mrs. Beech has had a baby. He actually returns to the nightmare he lived b efore being a refugee, so Mr. Oakley foresees that Willie is passing a terrible time and rescues him from the tiny room in which Mrs.Beech has locked him up. Mr. Tom immediately buys train tickets for Little Wierwold and so, they returned to their home in this little town. Months later, Mrs. Beech commits suicide as a result of her loneliness and Mr. Tom caringly adopts William. The story ends when William? s best friend Zach dies because of a bomb. Will then confronts his friend? s death having both good and bad experiences, which helps him grow physically and mentally. The main characters of this novel are William Beech, Tom Oakley, Zacharias Wrench and Mrs. Beech.William Beech, at the low of the story is an apprehensive, emaciated boy who does not have any self-confidence and is very mistrusting. Although he is very different on the within, Will founds this throughout the book. When Willie starts his manner with Mr. Tom, he changes abruptly and transforms into a talkative and active little boy. He also discovers he is an excellent artist and makes drawing his favorite hobby. What I really appreciate about this character is that he emerged from being a shy child to a talkative one who loves socializing with others around him.Tom Oakley is also a very important character in this novel. Mr. Tom is at first a grouchy old man who is immerged in the four walls of his house further when Willie arrives to his life he transforms into a social, caring and loving man who supports Will in everything he needs. Tom was very depressed because his wife had died giving accept and soon after his son, William, also died. At first Mr. Oakley took this as a coincidence, assuming William was a common name in London. Although as the months went by he realizes it this is not just a coincidence but something much deeper.Fate had brought them together so that both Tom and Willie could cure the injuries and pains they had been absorbing and keeping inside themselves. Another ver y important and special character is Zacharias Wrench Zack for short as he says in the novel. This character is a boy about the selfsame(prenominal) age as Willie, who is a very swinging boy who likes talking to everybody. As soon he sees someone nice he immediately approaches to the soul and starts talking to it as if he knows it for a long time. Zach becomes Willie? s best friend and because of him William lets escape the Zach from him. Goodnight Mr.Tom is definitely an incredible story. I enjoyed it so much that I have use up it two times. My favorite moment on the novel is the end because Willie has improved amazingly and says to Mr. Tom who is now his dad Dad, I? ve large(p). I find this particular moment very emotive because despite all the challenges he has faced, he moves on with an amazing courage. I can definitively advise this book to both adults and children (11 years +) as it makes you reflect a lot and its a very deep novel. I would also love to read another book by Michelle Magorian because she is a very good writer.

Prestige Telephone Company Essay

1.Identify the apostrophize that are pertinent to the outline to discontinue prestigiousness entropy serve Relevant be in the analysis by prestigiousness bid Company decision to discontinue prestigiousness Data Services include fixed costs which must(prenominal) be absorbed by the parent company ( prestigiousness reverberate) upon shutdown outstanding Prestige Data Services debts costs of re learn retained employees costs associated with outsourcing selective information returns previously provided by Prestige Data Services opportunity cost of using space rented to Prestige Data Services marketing costs attributed to acquiring additional Prestige Data Services customers costs of increasing promotional activities of Prestige Data Services. In addition, Prestige mobilize Company should choose the qualitative cost of reduced employee morale which may result upon shutdown of Prestige Data Services.Maintenance costs2.Justify why each of the costs in item 1 is relevantThe c osts listed above are entirely relevant because they each vary with the shutdown decision. Fixed costs which must be absorbed by the parent company (Prestige Telephone) upon shutdown Payroll, billing, collections, and another(prenominal) corporate services were provided by Prestige Telephone in return for an amount from Data Services based on wages and salaries. These fixed costs allocated to Prestige Data Services must now be accounted for by the parent company. be of retraining employees If employees are retained by Prestige Telephone, wages and salaries that were previously incurred by the Data Services line will hit Prestige Telephones budget. Also, new skills will be required of employees retained by the company as well as accompanying training expenses. Costs associated with outsourcing selective information services previously provided by Prestige Data Services Prestige Telephone will button up require the services Prestige Data Services supply and thus will take on to o utsource them. Since Prestige Telephone was using a price cap based on estimated data purpose in 1999, they were progenyively getting discounted data service rates from the subsidiary. If Data Services is shut down, the company might incur much higher service expenses. The maintenance cost is relevant because if Data Services isshut down the company will no longer incur this costs, thus it needs to be considered as a cost the parent company can eliminate. Opportunity cost of using space rented to Prestige Data Services If Prestige Telephone decides to shut down the Data Services Company, the parent company will lose the $8000 monthly rental fee paid by the current subsidiary. Additionally, Prestige Telephone must consider the opportunity cost of renting the space to another company or service that may provide them with more income. If Prestige Data Services is shut down, marketing costs attributed to acquiring additional Prestige Data Services customers and promotional activities will no longer be necessary. Termination of Prestige Data Services employees as a result of shut down may reduce the morale of any retained employees or employees of the parents company. Prestige might experience decreased productivity or addd turnover as a result.3.Identify the costs that are NOT relevant to the analysis to discontinuePrestige Data Services Costs not relevant to the decision are sunk costs such as the costs of training Prestige Data Service employees, investments in the IT infrastructure, and any owned Prestige Data Services Equipment. In addition, the fixed portion of the electricity costs is not relevant. Depreciation costs are similarly not relevant. The leases for computer equipment are non-cancelable and therefore may be considered sunk costs because Data Services is pass judgment to cover the costs associated with the leases prior to being shutdown. However if Prestige Data Services is unable to pay off the leases, these costs will become relevant because the parent company, Prestige Telephone would be responsible for debts owed.4.Justify why each of the costs in item 3 is NOT relevantFixed cost Costs of equipment and fixtures are incurred whether or not Prestige Data Service continues to operate. Even if the subsidiary company is shut down, these fixed costs must still be taken into consideration. Some costs, such as electricity, whether used or not, will be charged for a certain basic amount both month and therefore should not be considered relevant. Depreciation is not relevant because cost of equipment is a sunk cost. There is no significant salvage nurture for the equipment.5.Identify the grosss that are relevant to the analysis to discontinue Prestige Data Services Revenues relevant to the analysis to discontinue the operation are commercial sales revenue enhancement which includes computer use and other.6.Justify why the revenues in item 5 are relevantThe revenues in item 5 differ across alternatives. In other words, these revenues are directly tied to Prestige Data Services. If the production capacity of Prestige Data Services decreases to zero, all the revenue resulting from these operations will also decrease to $0, which decreases the subsidiarys contribution to its parent company.7.Identify the revenues that are NOT relevant to the analysis to discontinue Prestige Data Services. The revenue of Prestige Telephone and the revenue from intercompany Sales are not relevant to the decision.8.Justify why the revenues in item 7 are NOT relevant.As we explained in item 6, all revenues from Prestige Data Services will change depending on the decision. As the production capacity is varied, all the revenues will vary. These changes show the expected overall effect on net income. Revenue at Prestige Telephone will not vary based on the decision to shut down Prestige Data Services because Prestige Telephones revenue is not tied to the operations of the subsidiary. From the perspective of the Parent Company, In tercompany Sales are a revenue stream for the subsidiary, but an equal cost to the Parent, thus it doesnt affect the balance sheet of the parent company. 9.Is Prestige Data Services really a problem to the parent company. Justify your answer. Prestige Data Service is not a problem to the parent company. This is primarily becausePrestige Telephone will need to absorb Prestige Datas relevant fixed costs.Prestige Telephone will have to pay higher rates for services previously provided by Prestige Data Services. Regardless of possible sunk costs such as equipment leases ($95,000), Prestige Data Service positively contributes to the parent company. Additionally, if Prestige Data Services were to charge Prestige Telephone the same rates ($800 per service hour) it charges for commercial services, the company would not be operatingat a loss. If these commercial rates are considered competitive then the subsidiary is saving its parent money.Furthermore, there are several strategies that can be implemented to increase the business value of Prestige Data Services, such as reducing computer usage.10.Prepare monthly income statements for January, February, and March which support your answer to item 9.

Chinese Civilization Essay

The land here is broad and diverse. Among this immense piece of e finesseh, genius can risk both farmer and businessman mountain and plain drought and rainf any wasteland and farmland. It is vast, it is multifaceted. And yet these collections of disparate and dissimilar presences ar bound as one, position by side with each other. They ar together, they are connected. They are united, united under one name chinaware. It is impossible to choose a single record book that exactly represents all the land of chinaware.The Himalayan Mountains might have majesty, or the Forbidden City might have opulence, but certainly the two are quite different and cannot be swapped. Yet thither is a word that can describe all the land of chinaware the cities, the mountains, the villages, the plains, the towns, the rivers, the deserts. That word is Beauty. chinas cultural sphere has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing remainss being adapted to varyin g degrees by neighbors such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam.The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian cave. It is one of the first cognize specimens of Homo erectus, instantly commonplacely known as the Pe mightiness Man, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 780,000 years ago china ranges from mostly plateaus and mountains in the west to lower lands in the east. Principal rivers flow from west to east, including the Yangtze (central), the Huang He (Yellow river, northeasterly-central), and the Amur (northeast), and whatevermagazines toward the south (including the Pearl River, Mekong River, and Brahma displacera), with most Chinese rivers emptyinginto the Pacific Ocean. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains. On the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, grasslands can be seen. Southern China is predominate by hills and low mountain ranges . In the central-east are the deltas of Chinas two major rivers, the Huang Heand Yangtze River. Most of Chinas arable lands lie along these rivers, and they were the centers of Chinas major quaint civilizations.Other major rivers include the Pearl River, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. Yunnan Province is considered a part of the broader Mekong Subregion, which also includes Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. 47 In the west, the north has a great alluvial plain, and the south has a vast cal contendous tableland traversed by hill ranges of moderate elevation, and the Himalayas, containing Earths highest point, Mount Everest. The northwest also has high plateaus with more arid desert landscapes such as the Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert, which has been expanding.During many a(prenominal) dynasties, the southwestern border of China has been the high mountains and deep valleys of Yunnan, which separate advance(a) China from Burma, Laos and Vietnam. The Paleozoic bodatio ns of China, demuring wholly the upper part of the Carboniferous system, are marine, temporary hookup the Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits are estuarine and freshwater, or else of terrestrial origin. Groups of volcanic cones occur in the Great Plain of north China. In the Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, there are basaltic plateaus. Part II CONTRIBUTIONS Society.Hundreds of heathen groups have existed in China throughout its history. The largest ethnic group in China by far is the Han. This group, however, is internally diverse and can be further divided into smaller ethnic groups that share similar traits. everyplace the last three millennia, many previously distinct ethnic groups in China have been Sinicized into a Han personal identity, which over judgment of conviction dramatically expanded the size of the Han population. However, these assimilations were usually incomplete, and vestiges of indigenous language and culture still often remain in various regions of China.Bec ause of this, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and cultural traditions while still identifying as Han. Several ethnicities have also dramatically shaped Han culture, e. g. the Manchurian attire called the qipao became the impudently Chinese fashion after the 17th century, replacing earlier Han styles of clothing such as the Hanfu. The modern term Chinese nation (Zhonghua Minzu) is now utilise to describe a notion of a Chinese nationality that transcends ethnic divisions. China has over 50 minority groups.Each group has different languages, customs, and traditions. curtain raising in the midst of the Rich and the Poor. The Chinese society was structurally complex and not much is known about it. Research is still on. Life in senior Chinese society on a normal working day was hard and industrious for the farmers while luxurious and laid support for nobles and merchants. There was a wide demographic gap between the farmers and kings and nobles. The farmers were far more in population as compared to nobles. They were economically exploited and were made to work very hard.The nobles lived in luxurious palaces while the farmers in China survived in small huts. Naturally the nobles were highly regarded and lived with great riches. Religion. There are three main religions in China. They are Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. They were suppressed by the CCP during the 20th century, but they are still alive and penetrating the minds of Chinese today. These religions are all widespread, and aside from other world religions, they all originated in China.Confucianism was the official doctrine throughout most of Imperial Chinas history, and mastery of Confucian texts was the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. Chinas traditional values were derived from various versions of Confucianism. A number of more authoritarian strains of thought have also been influential, such as Legalism. There was often conflict between the ideas and philosophies, for example, the pains Dynasty Neo-Confucians believed Legalism departed from the original spirit of Confucianism. Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today.In recent years, a number of New Confucians (not to be confused with Neo-Confucianism) have advocated that democratic ideals and human rights are quite compatible with traditional Confucian Asiatic values. With the rise of European economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, non-Chinese systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers entirely rejected Chinas cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and European cultures.In essence, the history of 20th-century China is one of experimentation with new systems of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic damp. Economics. By roughly 10 ,000 BCE, in the neolithic Era, market-gardening was practiced in China. severalize bronze-age cultures, such as Erlitou, emerged by the third millennium BCE. Under the Shang (ca. 16001045 BCE) and Zhou (1045771 BCE), a dependent labor force worked in large-scale foundries and workshops to produce bronzes and silk for the elite.The uncouth surpluses produced by the manorial economic system supported these early handicraft industries as well as urban centers and considerable armies. This system began to disintegrate after the collapse of the Western Zhou Dynasty in 771 BCE, preceding the Spring and Autumn and Warring states eras. As the feudal system collapsed, much legislative power was transferred from the nobility to topical anesthetic kings. A merchant class emerged during the Warring States Period, resulting in increased trade. The new kings established anelaborate bureaucracy, using it to wage wars, build large temples, and perform world works projects. This new system re warded talent over birthright important positions were no longer occupied solely by nobility. The adoption of new weight-lift tools revolutionized agriculture and led to a large population increase during this stop consonant. By 221 BCE, the state of Qin, which embraced reform more than other states, unified China, built the Great Wall, and situate consistent standards of establishment. 5 Although its draconian virtues led to its overthrow in 206 BCE, the Qin institutions survived.During the Han Dynasty, China became a strong, unified, and centralized empire of self-sufficient farmers and artisans, though limited local autonomy remained. The Song Dynasty (9601279 CE) brought additional economic reforms. Paper gold, movable type, the compass, and other technological advances facilitated communication on a large scale and the widespread circulation of books. The state control of the economy diminished, allowing private merchants to prosper and a large increase in investment and profit.Despite disruptions during the Mongol conquest of 1279, the Ming Dynasty continued the Songs economic development. However, when the isolationist Qing Dynasty came into power, Chinas economic development began to slow. Europes rapid development during the Industrial Revolution enabled it to surpass Chinaan event known as the great divergence. Trade with frontwardsign nations on a large scale began during the reign of Emperor Wu, when he sent the explorer Zhang Yi to contact nations west of China in search of allies to fight the Xiongnu.After the defeat of the Xiongnu, however, Chinese armies established themselves in Central Asia, starting the famed Silk Road, which became a major way of international trade Paper and Printing. The great Chinese discoveries of all times which the whole world accepts even today are the art of make-up making, printing, numbfish powder and magnetic compass. Paper making was an art which developed in ancient China and they used silk, cloth, b ark, fiber and hemp. Later during the Han Dynasty, about 1800 years ago, paper making was refined and was being made from hemp and bark and later from bamboo.Printing technology was invented in ancient China as far back as the 8th century and by 868 they were using wood block printing which was used to print the first book in the world. Advancement in the technology came by 11th century when movable ceramic printer was invented during the rule of the Song Dynasty. By the time the Tang dynasty came to power in ancient China, printing and paper making techniques had prompted the invention of books and book shops in the cities. Compass and Gun Powder. The invention of these two had put ancient China in the fore front in terms of scientific discovery and development.The compass was extremumly useful for trade and sea travel. Here they used magnets to magnetize a cursor made of iron. Later the western world borrowed the technique for the navigation on the sea. Gun powder was invented by accident when the ancient Chinese found that throwing some types of mineral powders in the fire produces color and sparkling flame. They used the technology for making fireworks. Later the same gunpowder changed the art of modern warfare when it was used by the European powers against their enemies. Politics and Government.Ancient China had monarchy, i. e. organisation headed by an emperor and a royal family. Chinese rulers also called monarchs based their government on the Confucian model, which taught that the ruler was a virtuous man who led by example Despotic leadership. China like many other countries at that time was an agriculture based country with the river Yangtze as its lifespanline. During the ancient period the king would be the leader and would be more of a dictator than a king for the people who would take decisions beneficial to them.He has un-surpassing power in all areas be it economy or governance or agriculture which was the livelihood of the people. earlier incident of despotic leadership could probably be traced back to the Hsia dynasty (2200 1750 BC) when the emperor Yao picked Shun as his successor to help his people who were burdened by the ceaseless floods. Enlightened Leadership. Shun can be given credit for being an enlightened leader, but he was very harsh on his people. He could put any of his people to death if they did not agree with his leadership. Other punishmentsincluded using whip, stick and fines for small offences. He was succeeded by Yu, who founded Hsia, the first dynasty. During this dynasty the Chinese government or the emperor employed huge labor to work under four groups military, farming, construction workers and textile labor. Textile labor were given the task of interweave silk thread by hand to make clothes for the royal family, construction work included public work such as building wall, enlarging canals for agriculture etc. Military. Ancient China was most of the time caught in battles against the Huns or the invaders.In military the casualty was very high, because at that time it was quiet common to have mass warfare killing thousands at the same time ordinary soldiers were simply treated as pawns by the king and other leaders. Shan Dynasty (1750-1040 BC) was ruthless when it came to battles, they even made the whole family fight in battles together because he believed they would fight better with each other. Position of Women. The Shan Dynasty followed the philosophy of Yin and Yan and believed in giving lesser role to women in the society as compared to men.Women were not given opportunities and were treated as inferior. Efforts to reform the Chinese Government. The Chou Dynasty (1040 -256 BC) tried to bring improvements in the government after the corrupt Shan Dynasty and tried to employ the feudal system. This new form of government in ancient China collapsed and ended up with Warring states period (403- 221 BC). Furthermore, corrupt emperors caused the country to fall apar t into a continuous war like situation. It was after these that the enlightened Qin Dynasty ruled, which tried to reform and unified the country and builds the Great Wall of China.The Ancient Chinese Government was more of Despotism earlier than Enlightened Monarchy which works for the betterment of the people. Legal Systems. Many of the ancient statutory systems were considered to be harsh by modern day standards. When societies were beginning to establish civil order and a government hierarchy often many premises seemed extreme for example, Hammurabis Code and the eye for an eye principle or the torture practices common in Medieval Europe. Although, modern China may be surmise of human rights abuses, Ancient Chinas legal system was based on morals and the inherent solid of the citizens.The Ancient Chinese legal system evolved through the principles of Confucianism and Legalism along with the traditions and morals of Ancient Chinese life. Confucianism. Confucianism as a philoso phy gained prominence in the early existence of Ancient China. The Confucian philosophy believed that social control and social order could only be created through education. Confucianism influenced the Ancient Chinese legal system as it believed that humans were inherently good and that order was based on respect for the King and ones fellow man.The early legal system of Ancient China was as a result, hesitant to utilize systemize or written law. This was because codified laws served to tell people what to do without explaining the reasoning. Instead of codified law, the legal system of Ancient China was initially intended to be secondary to moral reasoning. It was believed under Confucianism that by ruling through traditions, norms, and morals that those who broke the accepted conditions would be ashamed and ostracized from society. Over time however, it became clear that in some circumstances peoples self-interest would differ from society.It was because of this that the premise s of Confucianism were mixed with those of Legalism to form the first codified law in Ancient China. Legalism. Legalism in contrast to Confucianism was based on the concept that humans were predisposed to evil or wrongdoing. This belief led to the understanding that codified law and punishments were needed in order to maintain order in society. When Ancient China began to incorporate these principles into their legal system a focus was fit(p) on the ruler. It was important to these principles that the ruler remained above the law so that his word could act as a guide.It was also important to Legalism that a ruler was see so that his laws and punishments were seen as just. As Ancient Chinas legal system evolved it remained important that the law had the respect of the people and that the people understood the traditions. authoritative Principles. Ancient Chinas legal system is one of the oldest legal traditions and yet unlike modern day systems there was no separation between civil and criminal law. The legal system of Ancient China was structured around the ruler being able to unify societys interests while maintaining respect.This premise is why any crimes against the ruler received no mercy. After the ruler in Ancient China the family was held in the highest regard this is why crimes against the family were considered one of the greatest offences. In general Ancient Chinas legal system attempted to enforce filial piety, to uphold the respect of family ancestors, to avoid legal action when possible, to create deterrents to actions and to control outbursts. In comparison, to many other early legal systems, Chinas system was relatively relaxed and centered on the citizens rather than government mandates.Ancient Chinas legal system was founded on the traditions of the society it was meant to control allowing the system to evolve into the present day Culture. Daily life in Ancient China is as mysterious as it is old. The ancient Chinese were master creators, ar tists, craftsmen and warlords. They created paper, gunpowder for battles, matches, cannons, compass, umbrellas and many more. They created many artifacts. They developed many warriorlike arts and other art forms such as calligraphy. They used coins with holes in them. As there were no banks at that time they used to collect the money through strings in the coins.Ancient China was ruled by many dynasties and was constantly plagued with war. The peasants celebrated spring which was a very important fete in their life. It was celebrated during spring to welcome a good harvest and good fortune. Usually young men and women paired up and sang and danced. similar today, even in ancient China the Dragon was a sign of good luck. Chinese art is well known throughout the world. Its painting and calligraphy established the guiding principals by which other civilizations would emulate. In Chinese art, each object has its own subjective meaning, and can be interpreted in many ways.To the Chines e, color and form are not just words, but are a part of what makes them a unique people there ability to beat themselves with beautiful architecture and lavish technique know no bounds. People around the world love Chinese food, and so they should. Lots of tradition and care has gone into some of todays finest and most famous dishes. In addition, Chinese medicine has been around for centuries, but only recently has it become a new, and almost baseline treatment, for common ailments such as headaches and fevers.Ancient Chinese Paintings. There are very few remains of paintings of ancient times except on ceramic and tiles, a clear historic development can be traced only after 5th century AD. Hundreds of caves of Buddhist wall paintings and scrolls geological dating back to late 5th century AD have been discovered. A highly organized system of representing objects was discovered different from the western perspective the greatest strength of this art is its incomparable mastery of li nes and silhouette.The art of figure painting reached its height during the Tang Dynasty, which also saw the rise of the great art of landscape painting executed as brush drawings with color washes Chinese Music and Poetry. Ancient Chinese music can be traced back to Neolithic age based on the discovery of bone flutes. Poetry and Music were influenced by the Book of Song, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties music was only for the royal families and dignitaries, entering the mainstream only in the Tang Dynasty.In the Song Dynasty ,Kunqu, the oldest form of Chinese opera developed and it was during this time that the writers and artists came up with new form of lyric poetry Ci. Other Art Forms. There were other forms of art apart from the ones mentioned above during ancient times in China like Seals, Calligraphy, Embroidery, kite making, paper cutting and shadow puppetry. Ancient Chinese culture boasts of glorious forms of Art and traditional crafts which are just two of the many jewels in Chinas 5000 year history.

Birch Paper Company Case Solution Essay

Birch Paper Company is a medium sized, partly-integrated paper caller-out. It produces white and wiliness papers and paperboard. It has four producing variablenesss and a timberland surgical incision The Thompson part converts the paperboard output into corrugated box and prints and colors the outside surface of the box. The northern division produces the paper box, while the southern division supplies the corrugating medium and inner and outer liners. Timberland division supplies part of the companys pulp requirement. It has been the company polity of decentralization to every last(predicate) in allow the divisions to act independently in all the af funfairs of their divisions except for the broader company policy, each division is judged on the basis of its amplification multiplication and issuing on investment figures. Each division is free to purchase from any supplier he wished, and even for dealings within the company, divisions were expected to find out the me rchandise expenditure if they wanted the dividing line. This policy concord to the companys top management has worked well and delivered the desired results. The northern division had designed a special box in collaboration with the southern division with Thompsons staff perfecting the design and takings methods over several months, the Thompson division was reimbursed for its effort according to the agreement between the two divisions.The northern division has asked for hollos for the development of the boxes from the Thompson and two outside companies, Thompson quoted a price of $480 a thousand, tungsten Paper Company a price of $430 a thousand and Eire Papers Inc a price of $432 a thousand. If Thompson gets the order, it would buy linerboard and corrugating medium from the Southern division. If Eire Papers win the bid, they live agreed to buy outside liner from the Southern division and print their boxes from the Thompson division. The manager of the Thompson division i s adamant on its bidding price, it includes the full 20 percent overhead and profit charge and its manager feel that his division is entitled to the profit having done the development work on the box and having received no profit.The commercial immorality electric chair of the Birch is discussing the bidding details with the manager of the Northern division, tolerateing Thompsons bid impart raise the cost of the Northern division that is competing in a very competitive market. In absence of any order from the top management, theNorthern division go forth accept the lowest bid of $430 from west Paper Company. The Thompson and Southern divisions are non operating(a) at their full capacity, their under utilization is of concern to the Vice President. This trans save, although less than the 5 percent of the tawdriness of any of the divisions involved, might affect the future trans challenges of the divisions.Situation AnalysisIn Birch Paper Company, each division is judged by th e profit it breaks and the return on investment to the capital invested in. This model has delivered results in line with the expectations from the top management. Except for the overall company policy each division is authorized to let in all the decisions independently including the purchase and sales within the company divisions. In absence of any directive from the top management, the Northern division will accept the lowest bid of $430 from the West Paper Company for it will be the lowest and will be in the best interests of the Northern division, but non necessarily of the Birch company as a whole unit.Accepting this bid will mean no disdain for the Thompson and Southern divisions at all, which already are not in a good financial state. Calculation of cost with the Northern division and Company perspective$480 bid from Thompson division is the highest and will increase the cost price of the Northern division drastically. It is competing in a highly competing market and buy ing at this price will mean compromise heavily on its profits. nevertheless this deal will be a hike to the fortunes of the sick Thompson division, it will make some profit and will carry some positive to its balance sheet. Also it will give business to the Southern division. Theoverall cost to the company will be lowest in this deal, $288. Deal will be in benefits of the Birch company but that will come at a cost paid by the Northern division. Also this might create problems in the future, divisions might be tempted to go for higher bids when bidding for the internal divisions order. $432 bid from the Eire Papers is as well the a yen the identical line as that of the West Papers, it is competitive and matches the going market price. The deal will bring some business to both the Thompson and Southern divisions of the Birch company. But here as well the cost to the company, $391, will be much higher from that of Thompsons bid. There is one major issue concerned with the opera tions of the Thompson division, whether it is operating efficiently.The other bids from the external competitors are as per the market price, Thompsons bid of $480 is too high as per the market standards, it is $50 higher than the lowest bid, also the manager of the Thompson division is adamant on not lowering the bid price, this raises the question whether the division is operating efficiently, this is just one deal, how it will compete in the open market space with the other competitors. The Vice President finds it odd that the manager of the Thompson division has added the full overhead cost and the profit margins to the bid price, which could have been more competitive. Also, the Southern division is operating at the market price although it is also facing the similar problem of under utilization of its full capacity. He has to take into account concerns of the company and also at the analogous time ensure that the divisions performance is not negatively affected by his decisio n.If he orders the word meaning of the Thompsons bid, it would be unfair to the interests of the Northern division and also set the wrong precedents for the future doings of the divisions, although the deal volume is less on a congenator scale, but its implications will affect the operations of the divisions, divisions will be tempted to bid higher than the market price when dealing with the internal divisions and this will be clincher to the overall interest to the company. He has also to see that the deal is fair to the other divisions as well, the Thompson and Southern divisions are in dire need of the business and it is in the interests of the company that they keep running profitably. The total cost to the company should be low. The commercial vice president is facing this unusual situation, where he has to finalise whether to intervene into, and if yes what should he do and how?ObjectiveThe Vice President has to ensure that the companys interests are secured and the overa ll operations of the divisions are not negatively affected, his action is fair to all the divisions and the divisions remain competitively placed in the market. Summing them, the objective statement can be defined as, To optimize the divisions profitability that is fair to the interests of all the divisions ensuring that the action is in the best interests of the company. termination ProblemHe has a lot of options with him as to what to do, and to decide which is the best option is the problem approach by the Vice President. It has been the companys policy of decentralization as to not intervene in the daily affairs of the divisions. But at the same time the Thompson division is struggling to make profits, acceptance of the Thompson bid will make the Northern division lose out to the competitors. To decide as to what action to take keeping in mind the best interests of the divisions and the company is the decision problem faced by the Vice President of the Birch Paper Company. Deci sion criteriaBelow mentioned points should serve as the criteria to the decision to be made by the Vice President. 1.Divisions remain competitive in the market. It is the most important criteria, one division cannot be made profitable at the cost of the other, other divisions have to improve their efficiency as per the market standards, the decentralized model has worked well and delivered the results, and all the firms should operate as per the market standards. Efficiency and competitive spirit of the divisions should not be compromised with.2.Ailing divisions are being taken care of.It is in the interests of the company that all the divisions remain healthy, they are given enough boost to remain competitive in the market. For this it is imperative that they are getting business.3.Long term interests of the company are not compromised.Any action that the Vice President takes is bound to have some short term and long term implications, it should be ensured that the decision ensures that in the long term the company and the divisions are to gain from it. The action should not encourage the divisions to continue with their inefficient practices, instead it should encourage them in the long run to generate profits on their own without expecting any special favors from other divisions. substitute(a)s1.Order Northern division to accept Thompsons division bid of $480. The Vice President orders the Northern division to accept the highest bid of $480 from the Thompson division, the manager of the Northern division will have to accept the order, it will bring business to the Thompson and the Southern divisions.2.Dont intervene.This action will result in the Northern division accepting the lowest bid of $430 from the West Paper Company, it will mean no business for the Thompson and the Southern divisions, but will be in the best interests of the Northern division.3.Ask Northern division to consider bid of Eire Papers of $432. $432 is not very high as compared to $430, the Vice President can ask the manager of the Northern division to consider the bid of Eire Papers, as it will not hurt the interest of the Northern division and also will give some business to the Thompson and Southern divisions.Evaluation of AlternativesAlternative 1This decision will give a boost to the operations of the Thompson and Southern division. They were in dire need of the business, also the cost to the company will be lowest in this case. This will satisfy criteria no 2. But this action will be against the interests of the Northern division, its cost price will increase thus leading to fall in profits, it will not remain competitive in the market. This will not satisfy Criteria no 1. This deal isbound to have some long term implications, in the future operations the divisions will be tempted to raise their bids when bidding for the other divisions order in hope of being selected over the competitors, this will promote inefficiency nuance in the divisions and the compe titive spirit of the division will be negatively affected by this decision, it will not satisfy the criteria no 3.Alternative 2No intervention on part of the Vice President will prompt the manager of the Northern division to accept the lowest bid of the West Papers, this will ensure that the Northern division remains competitive in the market, and also the other Thompson division will be forced to align its price to that of the market, to improve its efficiency and compete in the market on equal lines. This will satisfy criteria no 1. This bid will mean no business for the Thompson and Southern divisions, their condition will only get worse with it, their fixed costs will remain fixed and it will also hurt the interests of the company as a whole. This will not satisfy criteria no 2. The deal long term implications will not have any adverse subject on the operations of the divisions, the divisions will be expected to match the market price and it will promote the competitive spirit among the divisions. This will satisfy criteria no 3.Alternative 3The Vice President can ask the manager of the Northern division to consider the bid of the Eire Papers of $432, as it is as per the market standards and there is not any substantial difference with the lowest bid of $430. The Northern division will remain competitive in the market and also the other divisions will match up to the market standards. This will satisfy criteria no 1. Also, this decision will bring some business to the ailing Thompson and Southern divisions.They will generate some profit for them, this will certainly give some boost to their operations, although the quantum will be much lesser than it had been when the Thompson bid was accepted. But, nevertheless this will satisfy criteria no 2. This decision will positively encourage other divisions to keep the interests of the other divisions in mind when the cost of implicating it are not high, it will ensure competitive nature of the divisions, in the long run all the divisions and the company is bound to gain by this division.Best AlternativeCriteria 1Criteria 2Criteria 3Alternative 1Alternative 2Alternative 3As we can see from the above table, Alternative 1 fulfills only one criteria, whereas Alternative 2 two criteria, Alternative 3 fulfills all the three criteria, this is the best option that the Vice President should go with.Implementation PlanThe Vice President should communicate his desire that the bid of Eire Papers is selected, he should not enforce his decision on the manager of the Northern division for it will be an action of interference in the daily affairs of the divisions, instead he should modify the company policy which directs the divisions to take into account the interests of the other divisions and that of the company as a whole if it doesnt significantly affect the operations of the concerned division, also he should have recognize such actions by the divisions by some rewards or special mentions of the div isions. He should communicate this policy to all the divisions.Contingency PlanIn case the manager of the Northern division decides not to accept the bid of the Eire Papers and instead goes for the West Paper bid, the Vice President should order the manager to accept the bid of the Eire Papers. And if even after the Eire papers deal, the profitability of the Thompson division doesnt show any significant improvement, it remains to operate inefficiently he should sack manager of the Thompson division on account of inefficient production and consistent show of poor performance.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 26

The day passed with much research, only if with very little in the way of results, which left Elena feeling increasingly concerned for her comatose friend. By the time shadow fel and Aunt Judith cal ed to wearily inquire whether Elenas family would see her at al that day, they had sorted through the start bag of papers and Alaric had gone over a third or so of what seemed to be the notebook in which Caleb kept the record of his magical experiments, grumbling nearly Calebs shocking renderwriting.Elena frowned, flipping through another stack of papers. Looking through the pictures and clippings confirmed that Celia hadnt been among Calebs planned victims. If the trace had targeted her first, it must cave in been because she was rich in what invariably emotion this shade fed off.Snippiness, Meredith suggested, but she was c arful to say it out of Alarics hearing.The clippings and printouts also showed that Caleb was indeed obsessed with Tylers disappearance, and that he had e vidence and memories of two different time lines for the same catch one w present Fel s Church had been fal ing apart and Elena Gilbert had been dead, and one where everything had been just fine, thanks in the smal Virginia town of Fel s Church, including the continuing reign of the senior classs gilt girl, Elena. In addition to Calebs own double memories, which covered only the summer, Tyler had apparently talked to him over the phone the previous fal and winter about the mysterious events surrounding Mr. Tanners conclusion and everything that fol owed. Although it didnt sound from Calebs notes like Tyler had mentioned his own transformation to werewolf and conspiracy with Klaus, just his growing suspicions of Stefan.Tyler. Elena groaned. Even though hes long gone, he manages to make trouble.Alarics examination of the notebook so far had proved that they were right that Caleb was a magic user, and that he was planning to use his magic both to take vengeance once against them a nd to try to pose Tyler. But it hadnt shown how he had summoned the shadower.And despite Alarics bringing any belike looking note, incantation, or drawing to Mrs. Flowers for inspection, they had not yet discovered what patient of of spel Caleb had been doing, or what suggest the roses served.Stefan escorted Elena home for dinner, indeed relented to continue helping the others. Hed wanted to go on with Elena, but she had a feeling her aunt would not appreciate a lastminute dinner guest. The befriend Elena strideped through the door, she could feel Damons lingering presence and remembered how, just hours ago, they had stood upstairs, holding each other. Al through the meal, while she told Margaret a bedtime story, and then during her last cal to Meredith to check on the rest of the groups progress, shed thought longingly of him, wondering whether she would see him tonight. That in turn set off pangs of guilt related to Stefan and Bonnie. She was creation so selfish, keep ing Stefans brothers return from him, and thinking of herself while Bonnie was in danger. The whole cycle was exhausting, but stil she couldnt contain her exuberance that Damon was alive. Alone in her room at last, Elena ran a brushwood through her silky golden hair and pul ed on the simple cool nightgown shed worn the night before. It was hot and humid out fount, and through her windowpane she could hear the crickets chirping busily. The stars were shining, and a half-moon floated high over the trees outside. She cal ed good night to Aunt Judith and Robert and climbed into bed, fluffing the pil ows around her.She half expected a long wait. Damon want to tease, and he liked to make an entrance, so he was quite likely to wait until he thought she would be asleep, and then sweep into her room. But she had scarce turned off the light when a piece of darkness seemed to separate itself from the night outside her window. There was the faintest scuff of a footstep on the floor, and then her mattress groaned as Damon settled himself at the foot of her bed.Hel o, love, he utter softly.Hi, she said, smiling at him. His black eyes glittered at her from the shadows, and Elena suddenly felt warm and happy, despite everything.Whats the latest? he asked. I saw a lot of fuss going on at the boardinghouse. Something got your sidekicks in a tizzy? His tone was day-to-day y sarcastic, but his gaze was intense, and Elena knew he had been worried.If you let me tel everyone youre alive, you could be with us and then youd know everything thats going on first overturn, she teased. Then she grew somber. Damon, we need your help. Something terrible has happened.She told him about Bonnie, and about what they had discovered in the Smal woods garden shed.Damons eyes flamed. A phantoms got the little redbird?Thats what Mrs. Flowerss mother said, Elena answered. Stefan told us that hed known of a rage phantom somewhere back in Italy.Damon make a little pfft noise. I remember that. It w as amusing at the time, but nothing like what youve been describing. How does this theory of Stefans explain Bonnies beingness taken? Or the appearance of the names when someone is threatened?Its Mrs. Flowerss theory, too, Elena said indignantly.Or her mothers, I guess. And its the only one that makes sense. She could feel Damon stroking her arm with the closely featherlight touch, and it felt good. The hairs prickled on the back of her arms, and she shivered with pleasure in spite of herself. barricado it, she thought sternly. This is serious business. She moved her arm out of Damons reach. He sounded amused and sluggish when he next spoke. Wel , I cant blame the old witch and her ghost mother, he said.Humans mostly stay in their own dimension they rent only the tiniest piece of whats happening, even the most gifted of them. But if Stefan be baffled like any self-respecting vampire and didnt go around trying to be tender beings al the time, hed have a little much of a clue. Hes barely even traveled to the Dark symmetry except when he was dragged there to mock up in a cage or save Bonnie. Maybe if he had, he would understand what was going on and be able to protect his caress humans a little better.Elena bristled. Pet humans? Im one of those pet humans, too.Damon chuckled, and Elena unfeignedized he had said that purposely, to rile her up. A pet? You, princess? Never. A tiger, maybe. Something waste and dangerous.Elena rol ed her eyes. Then the implication of Damons words hit her. Wait, are you saying this isnt a phantom?And that you know what it actual y is? Is it something that answers from the Dark Dimension?Damon shifted close-hauled to her again. Would you like to know what I know? he said, his voice like a caress. There are a lot of things I could tel you.Damon, Elena said firmly. Stop flirting and pay attention. This is important. If you know anything, please tel me. If you dont, please dont play games with me. Bonnies bearing is at stak e. And were al in danger. Youre in danger, too, Damon Dont forget, your names been written, and we dont know for sure that whatever happened on the Dark Moon was the attack on you.Im not too concerned. Damon waved his hand disparagingly. It would take more than a phantom to hurt me, princess. But, yes, I know a little more about this than Stefan does. He turned her hand over and traced her palm with cool fingers. It is a phantom, he said. But its not the same smorgasbord we saw in Italy long ago. Do you remember that Klaus was an Original? He wasnt sired like Katherine or Stefan or I was he was never human. Vampires like Klaus consider vampires like us who started out as humans to be weak half-breeds. He was much stronger than us and much more difficult to kil . There are different types of phantoms, too. The phantoms who are born of human emotions on Earth are able to intensify and spur on these emotions. They dont have much consciousness of their own, though, and they never get very strong. Theyre just parasites. If they are cut off from the emotions they need to survive, they fade past pretty quickly.Elena frowned. But you think this is another, more unchewable tolerant of phantom? Why? What did Sage tel you?Damon tapped her hand with one finger as he counted.One the names. Thats beyond the powers of an ordinary phantom. Two It took Bonnie. A regular phantom wouldnt be able to do that, and wouldnt get anything out of it if it could. An Original phantom, though, can steal her spirit and take it back to the Dark Dimension. It can drain her life force and emotions to make itself stronger.Wait, Elena said, alarmed. Bonnies back in the Dark Dimension? Anything could be happening to her She could be enslaved again Tears pricked at the corners of her eyes as she thought of how humans were treated in the Dark Dimension.Damon squeezed her hand. No, dont worry about that. Shes there only in spirit the phantom wil have her in some kind of holding cel itl want h er safe. I think the worst thing that could happen to her is shel be bored. He frowned. Itl sap her life force, though, and thatl weaken her eventual y.You think that being boreds the worst thing that could happen to her oh, at least until it drains al her life force?Thats not good enough, Damon. We have to help her.Elena thought for a moment. So phantoms live in the Dark Dimension?Damon hesitated. Not in the beginning. The Original phantoms were relegated to the Dark Moon by the Guardians.Where you died.Yes, Damon said caustical y. Then he rubbed the back of her hand in a silent apology for his tone. Original phantoms are kept inside some kind of prison house on the Dark Moon, just itching for a chance to get out. Like genies in a bottle. If something broke the prison wal , their ultimate goal would be to make it to Earth and feed on human emotions. After the World Tree was destroyed, Sage said things changed, which would make sense if an Original phantom managed to escape as thin gs shifted after the destruction.Why come al the way to Earth, though? Elena asked.Therere al those demons and vampires in the Dark Dimension.She could see Damons smile in the shadows. I guess human emotion is extra-delicious. Like human blood is. And there arent enough humans in the Dark Dimension to make a real y good meal. There are so many humans on Earth that an Original here can just keep on gorging on emotion and growing ever more powerful. So it fol owed us from the Dark Moon? Elena asked.It must have hitched a ride with you when you came back to Earth. It would have wanted to get as far from its prison as possible, so an opening between dimensions would have been irresistible.And it was freed from its prison when I used my fly of Destruction and blasted the moon?Damon shrugged. That seems to be the most likely explanation.Elenas heart sank. So Bonnies vision was right. I brought this. Its my fault.He brushed back her hair and kissed her neck. Dont think of it that way, he s aid. How could you have stopped it? You didnt know. And Im grateful you used the Wings of Destruction Thats what saved me, after al . The important thing now is to fight the phantom. We need to send it back before it gets too powerful. If it gets a real foothold here, it can start influencing more and more people. The whole world could be in danger.Elena half consciously arched her neck to one side so that Damon could get a better angle, and he gently traced the vein on the side of her neck with his lips for a moment before she realized what they were doing and nudged him away again. I dont understand, though. Why would it tel us who its going after next? she said. Why does it give us the names?Oh, thats not its own doing, Damon said, and kissed her shoulder. Even the most powerful phantom has to fol ow the rules. Its part of the spel the Guardians put on the Original phantoms, when they relegated them to the Dark Moon. A safeguard in case the Originals ever escaped. This way, their prey knows theyre coming, and it gives them a fair stroking at resisting.The Guardians imprisoned it, Elena said. Would they help us send it back?I dont know, Damon said shortly. I wouldnt ask them if I could help it, though. I dont trust them, do you?Elena thought of the cool efficiency of the Guardians, of the way they had dismissed Damons death as irrelevant. Of the way they had caused her own parents death. No,she said, shivering. Lets leave them out of it if we can.Wel defeat it ourselves, Elena, Damon said, and caressed her cheek with his hand.Stop it, Elena said. We have to concentrate.Damon stopped trying to touch her for a moment and thought. Tel me about your little friends. Have people been tense? Fighting? Acting out of character?Yes, Elena said immediately. No ones been acting like themselves. I cant put my finger on it, but somethings been wrong since we got back.Damon nodded. Since it probably came with you, it makes sense that it would have targeted you and those c onnected to you as its first victims.But how do we stop it? Elena asked. What do these stories youve heard about the Original phantoms say about recapturing them once theyve escaped from their prison?Damon sighed, and his shoulders slumped a little.Nothing, he said. I dont know anything more. Il have to go back to the Dark Dimension and see what I can happen out, or if I can fight the phantom from there.Elena stiffened. Its too dangerous, Damon.Damon chuckled, a dry sound in the darkness, and Elena felt his fingers run through her hair, smoothing the silky strands, then twisting them, tugging them gently. Not for me, he said. The Dark Dimension is a great place to be a vampire.Except that you died there, Elena reminded him.Damon, please. I cant stand to lose you again.Damons hand stil ed, and then he was kissing her gently, and his other hand came up to touch her cheek. Elena, he said as he reluctantly broke the kiss. You wont lose me.There has to be another way, she insisted.Wel , then wed better find it, and soon, Damon answered grimly. Otherwise the entire world wil be at risk.Damon was saturated with Elena. Her sweet, rich scent in his nostrils, the throbbing beat of her heart in his ears, the silk of her hair and the satin of her shinny against his fingers. He wanted to kiss her, to hold her, to sink his fangs into her and taste the heady nectar of her blood, that vibrant blood that tasted like no one elses.But she made him go, although he knew she didnt real y want to.She didnt say it was because of his little brother that she pushed him away, but he knew anyway. It was always Stefan.When he left her, he transformed beautiful y into a large black crow again and flew from her bedroom window to the quince tree nearby. There, he folded his wings and shifted from one foot to another, settling in to watch over her. He could sense her through the window, anxious at first, her thoughts churning, but soon her pulse slowed, her breathing deepened, and he knew she was asleep. He would stay and guard her.There was no question He had to save her. If Elena wanted a chivalrous knight, someone who would protect her nobly, Damon could do that. Why should that weakling Stefan have al the glory?But he wasnt sure what came next. Despite Elenas begging him not to go, heading into the Dark Dimension seemed like the logical next step in fighting this phantom. But how to get there? There were no easy paths. He didnt have the time to journey to one of the gates again, nor did he want to leave Elenas side long enough to travel there. And he couldnt expect to find something as useful as a star bal again by chance.Plus, if he did get there, being in the Dark Dimension would have special dangers for him now. He didnt think the Guardians knew he had come back from the dead, and he didnt know how they would react when they did. Hed rather not find out. The Guardians didnt care for vampires much, and they tended to like things to stay the way they ought to b e. Look at how they had stripped Elenas Powers when she came to their attention.Damon hunched his shoulders and fluffed out his colourful feathers irritably. There had to be another way. There was the slightest rustle underfoot. No one without the sensitive ears of a vampire would have heard it, it was so cautious, but Damon caught it. He snapped to attention and peered sharply around. No one would get to his princess.Oh. Damon relaxed again and clicked his beak in vexation. Stefan. The shadowy figure of his little brother stood beneath the tree, head bend back, gazing in devotion at Elenas darkened window. Of course he was there, standing by to defend her against al the horrors of the night.And just like that, Damon knew what he had to do If he wanted to learn more about the phantom, hed have to give himself over to it.He closed his eyes, al owing every negative feeling hed ever had about Stefan to wash over him. How Stefan had always taken everything Damon wanted, had stolen it, if he needed to.Damn Stefan, Damon thought bitterly. If his brother hadnt come to town earlier than him, Damon would have had a chance to make Elena fal in love with him first, to be the one to reap the utter devotion he saw in her eyes when she looked at Stefan.Instead, here he was, second-best. He hadnt been enough for Katherine either she had wanted his brother, too. Elena, tiger to the kitten Katherine had been, would have been the perfect mate for Damon. Beautiful, strong, wily, capable of great love, they could have ruled the night together.But she had fal en for his lily-livered weakling of a little brother. Damons claws clenched the branch he sat on.Isnt it sad, a quiet voice beside him suggested, how you try and try, but youre never enough for the women you love?A cool tendril of overcloud touched his wing. Damon straightened and looked around. Dark fog was winding around the quince tree, just at Damons level. Below, Stefan stood unaware. The fog had come for Damon alone. With a private smile, Damon felt the fog envelop him, and then al was darkness.

Jekyll and Hyde Essay Introduction and Para 1

I am going to write an essay on Robert Louis Stevensons supernatural story, the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, which was the intake for lots of modern movies showing dual nature of mankind e. g. The Hulk, Two Face and The Nutty Professor to name a few. The story is told mostly in third person by Mr Utterson the lawyer, it is about the scientist Dr Jekyll and his friend, the hated Mr Hyde. Utterson suspects that Hyde may be bribing Jekyll when Jekyll changes his will to one where in the event of his death all his silver and his house will be given to Hyde.However when Hyde disappears after brutally murdering the highly respected Sir Danvers Carew, Utterson is pleased, but when Jekyll starts acting weird and will not blank out the confines of his cabinet Utterson becomes worried and after Jekyll becomes a recluse and starts making strange demands in a voice that is not his own, Jekylls butler and Utterson erupt down the doctors door to find Hyde lying dead on the floor from apparent suicide. The story is later explained in the novella through and through the testimony of Dr Lanyon, in which he reveals that he witnessed a transformation of Hyde to Jekyll and then explained in more detail by Jekyll.It turns out that Hyde was the result of one of Dr Jekylls experiments, where by drinking the transforming draught he becomes the hated character who was the complete opposite of his usual self. Over time Jekyll found himself transforming without even drinking the potion, and when the do drugs ran out he became trapped as Hyde. Upon drinking the very last of the drug Jekyll writes, I bring the life of that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an end. I thought this book was very interesting and would recommend it to all. This novel is all about the dual nature of mankind.Stevenson believed that every person had a good and corked side to them. The book says a lot about Victorian society as they were all meant to be very good nation but rightfully lots of them were corru pt inside. The characters inside this novel show his theory about this very well. For example Jekyll is a well respected man, who was born to a outsized fortune and fond of respect of the wise and good among my fellow men with every guarantee of an honourable and distinguished future. Like most people in Victorian society Dr Jekyll was obsessed with respect and he also had an evil side to him.He hated doing evil things such as gambol and drinking so much that he decided to make a potion to split his genius in two. When he first became Hyde, the evil side of his personality he felt younger, lighter and happier in body which is because his evil side would not be as developed as his good side as he has done more good than evil in his life. He enjoyed being Hyde because he could do evil things without consequence or people purpose out, or so he thought. He felt he did not need to feel guilty about the things he had done as they technically werent him.

Regulatory Bodies and Current Leglislations for Setting Up a Home Base Childcare Setting Essay

Ofsted is the office for standards in Education, childrens run and skills. They make sure that commonwealth achieve excellence in portion out of children and new-fangled people. Ofsted assess children services in local areas and inspect services for looked afterward children , safeguarding and child protection. Ofsteds job is to check places that five-year-old people and children are looked after and the people who look after children and newfangled people.They check to see if people are doing a good job in flavor after children, if they are not they try to help them get better. Ofsted inspect children services e.g. childminders, nurserys etc. to see the standard of care for children, after there commands they carry out a report of what they have found. All in all Ofsteds job is to make sure that all children and young people who are being cared for are safe, being looked after properly, to emend childrens services, to make sure childrens services focus on the interests of the children and young people, parents, adult learners and employers who use them and also to see that the services for children are efficient and effective.Current legislations for home based childcare Childrens act 1989 2004 This act aims to improve effective local working to safeguard and promote childrens well being. The act aims to ensure that welfare of children is paramount, working in partnership with parents to protect children from harm. The propel is intended to strengthen the childs legal position to give him/her equal rights, feelings and wishes, and to ensure children are consulted and kept informed.The Children Act aims to further improve childrens lives and gives the legal underpinning to Every Child Matters Change for Children. The act puts a duty on local authorities to make arrangements to promote co-operation between agencies and other confiscate bodies such as voluntary and community organisations in order to improve childrens well being (where well being is defined by honorable mention to the five outcomes), and a duty on key partners to take part in co-operation arrangements, it also makes sure that key agencies safeguard and promote the welfare of children. childcare Act 2006 This is the first ever piece of legislation specifically on early years and childcare. The act places responsibility for childcare provision with local authorities, charging them with face lifting type, improving delivery and achieving better results, it sets the legal good example for children from birth to 17 years. The act introduces the Early years foundation stage (EYFS) which brings together three documents, assume to three matters, foundation stage and national standers for under 8s day care and child minding.The EYFS will support providers in delivering high quality integrated early education an care for children from birth to age 5. The act also lays out registration and inspection arrangements, providing for an integrated education and care frame work for the Early Years and general childcare registers. The Early Years Register (EYR) and the familiar Childcare Register (GCR) provide a regulatory framework for childcare under the act. Ofsted regulates the two registers the Early years register for people caring for children aged from birth to 31 August after their fifth birthday and the General childcare register for childcare over this age.Every child matters 2003 (ECM) Every child matters is a government publication that indicates national and local priorities for childrens services and sets out outcomes. This document was given legal force in the childrens act 2004, it also includes 25 specific aims for children and young people and explicitly relates OFSTED inspection criteria to the 5 outcomes. ECM consulted children, young people and families, they wanted the government to set out a positive vision of the outcomes they want to achieve. The five outcomes which mattered most to children and young people were ECM 5 OUCOME SStaying safe being protected from harm and neglectBeing healthy enjoying good physical and mental health and surviving a healthy lifestyleEnjoying and achieving getting the most out of life and developing the skills for adulthoodEconomic well being not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential in lifeMaking a positive contribution being involved in the community and company and not engaging in anti social behaviourThe Government has built the foundations for improving these outcomes through Sure Start, raising school standards, and progress make towards eradicating child poverty.Early years foundation stage 2008 (EYFS) The Early Years Foundation Stage is a comprehensive statutory framework that sets the standards for the learning, emergence and care of children from birth to five years. All providers are required to use the EYFS to ensure that whatever setting parents choose, they can be confident their child will pay off a quality exper ience that supports their care, learning and development. It is implemented in all registered early years settings, maintained and independent schools. The settings are required to meet learning, development and welfare requirements in the EYFS package and with regard to the guidance associated with those requirements as appropriate.

The Pedestrian

The Pedestrian by Ray Bradbury Utopia an ideal place (fictional) This short fabrication is an character of Dystopian fiction dealing with a friendship that embodies a flawed perfection achieved at a cost. In the story, Ray Bradbury attacks a society which is, in effect, a police submit a undemocratic regime. The sole representative of the regime is, appropriately, the police car. Mead is a non-conformist whose crime is to crack for entertainment a some elementary and natural activity.The oppressive nature of the regime is emphasised by the fact that such a basic hu human activity is prohibited and has been eradicated as indicated by the disused sidewalks. The nature of this soulless society is emphasised again and again by numerous images connected with death dark windows not strange manner of walking through a graveyard tomb-like buildings and grey phantomsBy teleph iodin line the vivid sensory description of Meads walk is conveyed through crisp natural images whic h evoke the aesthesiss and show his de calorie-free in simple pleasures and sensations breathing in the cold November air and its crystal frost makes his lungs blaze like a Christmas head inside the branches filled with invisible snow. This is a society which (it is implied) is kept docile and uninformed by a diet of poor quality TV plans (which, we assume from the Police Cars indecision when Mead explains that he has no TV, atomic number 18 controlled by the State).The minds of the population have been dulled by the TV they atomic number 18 incessantly and acceptingly fed. Only Mead can see through the banality and predictability of the programmes Where are the cowboys rushing? A xii assorted murders A comedian falling off the stage There is nothing to stimulate the sense of the population here. Despite the (large) number of channels, there is a complete absence of any political programme which might challenge the government. Possibly suggesting brain-washing.If not, it is clear from the way that the population is described that they are not exposed intellectually of challenging the government they are portrayed as automatons unthinking, unchallenging, uninformed. The suggestion is that the minds of this population are enchained and dulled by the governments actions. Informed, intelligent, alert people would pose a threat and engage awkward questions. Mead is the last of such people and his nightly covert walks are, we presume a way to control like-minded people.His rebellion, if we can call it that, is hardly the most active he seems to have accepted or resigned himself to the fact that he can no longer pursue his career and seems a broken man at the end of the story. Setting In contrast to the rest of the population, the individuality and free-thinking nature of Meads mind is emphasised by natural images. The simile only his nighttime moving like the shadow of a hawk conveys both an impression of a hunter and an image of soaring freedom.The fact that he could imagine himself upon the centre of a plain, a wintry, windless Arizona desert high laxs his individuality and the sense of dresser that he feels in a society that is, effectively, dead. The rest of the population and the city itself are portrayed as being dead. The buildings and city are architecturally dead the buckling concrete walk suggesting decay and tomb-like buildings suggesting that those inside are dead. Even Nature itself seemed outraged by the setting and tried, it seemed, to bury it like cement was vanishing under flowers and sensThe Police Car The imagery associated with the police car is harsh, cold, threatening, oppressive, that of hunter and its paralysed prey flashed a fierce white cone of light upon him It smelled of riveted steel. It smelled of harsh antiseptic Images which mirror the nature of the regime which is personified and represented by the car. betray use of word-choice linked to metallic, robotic, mechanical ideas. The voice of t he police car also sounds robotic short, sharp peremptory commands contrast with Meads fuller to a greater extent warm and personal replies.The clearest indication of the nature of the regime comes in the interrogative sentence The lack of recognition of Meads profession and the incredulity that he does not have a TV set hint strongly at rural area control. In this dystopian society, anything connected with the arts creativity, beauty, the senses is not recognised. Only that which is manufactured is recognised. Books and writing have no place in this regime. In a equal manner, the police car is unable to comprehend that Mead was simply walking for its own pleasurable sake. Walking, just walking, walking? The repetition of walking gives the impression of the cars brain malfunction. It cannot grasp that anyone would do something simply for the pleasure of it, not without a reason. Only Mead is capable of wry humour (a human quality) Are you married, Mr Mead No zilch wanted me, sai d Leonard Mead with a Smile. Irony Mead is to be taken to an asylum To the Psychiatric Centre for investigate on Regressive Tendencies. Note the use of official sounding language a euphemism designed to handle the true purpose of such a place echoing SovietAsylums in which those who actively opposed the states political ideals were sent to an asylum to be re-educated brain-washed until they did accept what the state wanted them to believe. The great jeering here is that Mead the only sane man in this insane society is being sent to an asylum. Symbolism. On their way to the asylum through, they pass Meads house. It is ablaze with lights in contrast to the dark city. electric light brilliantly lit, every window a loud yellow flare. It is a symbol of hope of spirited life light is a universal symbol of hope, but the car is swallowed up once more into the darkness (literally and figuratively). The car moved down the empty river-bed streets natural images of decay and life-les sness. Structure Meads secure is represented in stages. Contrast the positive, empowering image of him as a hawk conveying a sense of freedom with his reaction to the car not unlike a night moth, stunned by the illumination The short story remains fairly uneventful throughout, therefore the structure reflects this.However, the featurelessness of structure (which in childs play reflects the bleakness of the landscape) is broken by the tension created by the interrogation of the police car. The apparent tedium of the walk through the grey town is transformed into a gripping tense episode. Near the end, the short story bursts into another high point of hope with the wonderful climactic symbol of the house ablaze with light a symbol of hope. Nevertheless, we are again plunged into dark anti-climax as we realise that the house is only one lone point of hope, soon to be submerged within the blanket of darkness everywhere.Themes 1. The distrust and last-ditch destruction of the indivi dual in a totalitarian state 2. Bradbury considers such a police state to be alien to the natural laws of Mankind man should be free to voice his feelings. 3. He points to the dangers of collectivist media which can brainwash a nation, State-controlled TV programmes being, effectively, propaganda. 4. He points to the dangers of a docile, unquestioning society. 5. Glancing euphemistic references to psychiatric hospitals. 6. Pessimistic the light in the darkness is extinguished.

Syria Conflict

Introduction The Syrian Arab Republic is an Arab terra firma in Western Asia, b exhibitioning Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the North, Iraq to the East, Jordan to the South, and Israel to the Southwest. In March 2011, the Syria divergence has begun out-of-pocket to variant reasons and is still going on today. This outbreak is one of the key factors which issuanceed the Arab trammel (Arab Uprising). Arab Spring refers to the democratic uprisings that arose independently and spread across the Arab world in 2011.The aver originated in Tunisia in celestial latitude 2010 and quickly took hold in Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. In these countries, the citizens intiatied the protests as the command families have been keeping the federal agency for too long (Arab Spring, 2012). In Syria, the conflict goes up to its peak as the revolution against the rule of Syria chairperson Bashar Al-Assads (Mr Assad). According to the late st report of the Human Right Organization, more than 36,000 large number were killed in this hearty-behaved struggle (Khera, 2012).In this essay, the roots of the conflict will be traced and analysed using the International relation (IR) theories. Literature reappraisal A literature re moot has been conducted to check over the causes of the conflict by applying IR theories. The traditional core of IR relates to issues concerning the organic evolution and change of sovereign statehood, in the context of the larger system or society of state. In general, on that point atomic number 18 four (4) major theoretical traditions in IR and will be cover as part of the study scope reality Liberalism International Society and International Political rescue (IPE). Realism Several general realist ideas and assumptions were discussed (Jackson, 2010). These are related to various aspects such as pessimistic view of merciful nature international conflicts that are ultimately resolved by fight, high regard for the determine of national hostage and state survival and basic scepticism that there can be build up in international politics that is comparable to that in domestic semipolitical life. In summary, with realist, states are the well-nigh important factor.All states tend to pursue self-interested and their primary concern is survival (Wikipedia). Liberalism The other theory is Liberalism, which started by bath Locke in the seventeenth (17th) century. He believed that as the development of technologies and bulk can master the nature, there are great potential that people could flourish in states that guaranteed individual liberty. Liberals, differ from realist, take a confirming view of human nature. And for them, conflict and war are evacuateable.According to John Locke, the core concern of Liberalism is the happiness and rejoicing of individual human beingnesss. A body politic is in a state of liberalism when a citizen deep down that province can live their lives and pursue their happiness without other people interference. (Jackson, 2010) There is a major see between idealist Liberalism and pessimist Realism. A main point in this debate is concerned about human nature, as Liberalism takes a positive view of human nature while Realism holds a negative view. (Jackson, 2010) (Arab Spring, 21) International SocietyUnlike Realism and Liberalism International Society is one of unspotted IR approach which tries to avoid the stark choice between state egotism and conflict and human goodwill and cooperation. Instead of adopting the classical Realist pessimistic view or classical Liberalism optimistic view, it occupies a position between those two and develops that into a separate IR approach. (Jackson, 2010) International Political Economy International Political Economy (IPE) is the debate where they claimed that there is a link between politics and economics as well as the nature and outcome of economic globalization.IPE is ultimately concerned with the routes in which political forces (states, institutions, individual actors, etc. ) shape the systems through and through which economic interactions are expressed, and conversely the effect that economic interactions (including the billet of collective markets and individuals acting both within and outside them) have upon political structures and outcomes. (Jackson, 2010) Syrian Confliction review The first protest erupted on March 2011 in Deraa after the arrest and torture of some teenagers who were painted with revolutionary slogans on a school wall.In order to manage the uncontrollable chaotic situation, minimum military forces were suitably in arse to minimise the protest through the use of checkpoint road blocks. As the protest continued and spread widely over the unpolished the citizens demanded for the President Bashar Al-Assads resignation. By July 2011 hundreds of thousand people taking to streets, town and cities across the countries such as Alepo, Hama, Homs and Deraa (BBC, 2012). As the act of protest has become uncontrollable, the government applied the military forces to crush the dissent and send tanks to Deraa in late March 2011.Rockets and mortars were as well as used to hit the rebel stronghold (See Appendix 1. 1 Homs Feb 2012). After a month of bombardment, the rebels retreated with an estimate of more than 700 people were killed. People within the country have to flee to neighboring countries such as Turkey up to several months. According to the statistics record by the United Nations refugee agency, there are more than 200,000 Syrians who have registered with the agency fled to Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. There was also an unauthorised estimate of the refugees which puts the number much higher and those get a lines are expected to rise.The Government in Jordan as well as other countries permitted the stay of Syrians within the countries, provided with minimum necessities and protection such as f ood and security guards. All the refugees were instructed to assemble in one common area, allowing the government to take care and control the crowds easily. In this Syria crisis, number of bomb blasts took place in different cities. Many people were killed in the elegant war due to the bomb strikes. Apart from causing deaths most of the facilities in the cities were destroyed.The war has deniably resulted various negative implications to Syria in terms of people, environment and asset. The Syrian government has put the blame of these activities to the terrorists which linked to the al-Qeada as well as a shadowy group called al-Nusa Front. The al-Nusa Front has said to be one who controlled and manipulated all the attacks and bombing activities. establish on the latest figures provided by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the number of deaths reported has been change magnitude to 21067 and 5980 people were killed due to the security forces. and then the United Nations has charged the Syrian government and security forces for the violation of international human-centred law. A peace plan was suggested and conducted by the UN envoy, Kofi Annan and the negotiation mission started in April 2012. However as strength escalated, Mr. Annan resigned and withrew from the country. At the kindred time Mr. Assad still shows no sign of leaving his major power and there seems to be no end to the crisis. Trace down the root of the problem. As mentioned in the previous sections, the outbreak of the civil war has brought many negative implications to the country.There appears to have no solution for the civil war. Thus various researches were conducted to investigate and analyse the causes of the problem. In most recent research, Manfreda has pointed critical points which has led to the Syrian uprising (Manfreda, 2012) Political Repression top-heavy Economy Media influence and Fear of state power. The political repression is one of the main re asons which causes the outbreak of Syrian war. Since 1950s, there was non any peaceful transfer of power, as the change appears to happen through a military coup or an uprising (Manfreda, 2012).For instance as soon as the President Bashar al-Assad has inherited the power in 2000, he quickly rushed into the process of reformation while the power remains intemperate in the ruling family. Besides political repression, the unstability of frugality in Syria is believed to be one of the causes which led to the uprising. The economy in Syria has become unsustainable due to the quick expansion of the population. At present the population in Syria is estimated to be 20 million, with an average growth rate of 2. 4 percents. Based on the statistical review this figure stays among one of the worlds highest growth rate.A Syrian economist, Nail Sukkar has agreed that Syria is currently having a problem with the oversizing of population. It is difficult for the government to sustain the citizen s by providing sufficient welfares and healthcares. The unemployment rate has increased because the government is not able to create sufficient job opportunities to the people. An official figure was reported by the governmnet stating that the unemployment rate is estimated to be 10 percents. However with the junto of other independent estimates the rate of unemployment is believed to be approximately 25 percents.In addition, the innate(p) disaster such as persistent drought struck north-eastern of Syria. This has caused a severe devastation to the res publica communities and affected more than a million of people since 2008. Due to the negligence of the government, thousands of farmer families were suffered from poverty. These people from the tillage communities have vented their angers and frustrations through participation of the protest activities. Furthermore due to the cautious reform of the remnants of socialism, it subject the door to private investment which in turn tr iggered an explosion of consumerism among the urban upper-middle classes.However, privatization has favored families with personal links to Assad, which made the jobs remained scarce for people within the country (Manfreda, 2012). Apart from that the awareness was raised by different means of media. The advancement in technology has exposed the people to the world issues throguh various approaches for instance internet. antecedently the government tried to refrain the youths from exposing to more information by limiting the means of media. However the sweat was failed since the state media is no longer the main channel to the citizens.The use of the new media is critical to the activist networks that subscribe the uprising in Syria (Manfreda, 2012). Although the fear of state of the citizens has existed for a very long time since the ruling of Assad family, the wild responses to the people in the peaceful protest in Spring 2011 has outraged the people. As a result of the s right awayball effect, more citizens joined the protest. Additionally, many Syrians resent the fact that so much power is monopolised by the Alawi families, a Shiite religious minority to which the Assad family belong.Although this is not considered as the driving force of the uprising in Syria, the combination of a majority Sunni pretest movement and an Alawi-dominated military has added to the tension in religiously mixed areas, such as city of Homs (Manfreda, 2012). Analysis the problem using IR theoretical. The causes led to the outbreak of the Syrian war were discussed in the former section. In this section the problems will be analysed using the IR theory. Irrefutably, the brutal and aggressive way of ruling in Syria by Assad family triggered the anger of the people in the country.The Realism theory can be accounted for the approach adopted by the Assad family in ruling the country. As stated in the Realism theory, as a human character, people always desire to be in drivers seat. Th ucydides (1972406) also stated that the standard of justice depends on the equality to compel and that in act the strong do what they have to power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept Also, Machiavelli (198466) indicated the main responsibility of the ruler is always to seek the advantages and to defend the interests of their state and thus ensure the survival.In this , President Bashar Al-Assads ways of ruling the country is understandable, as he wants to lead the country to the new path of development, which can secure the country state and position amongst the Arab countries (Robert, 2010). However, these action moves created a massive conflict between the citizens and Assad family as the security of the citizens is being abused. This has directly caused he citizens losing their senses of security with the ruling family and consequently the rebellion arose.According to Thomas Hobbes , he believes that Sovereign states are the principal factor in international syst em. States are inherently always obsessed with security which talent lead to security dilemima whereby increasing ones security power can bring along even greater instability as an opposing power builds up its own arms in response. Since ruling Syria, the Assad family had built up a very strong security power through various means such as developing the massive destruction weapons.This has indeed intimidated the safety of the neighbouring Arab countie and it is now understandable why certain countries such as Turkey and Isarel supported the rebel by providing armors and weapons for the people to go against the government. At the same time, Mr. Assad was assisted by Russia with the supply of weapons to continue fighting in the war. Therefore the situation has gone worse due to the supports from other countries in the war. With Liberalism theory, liberals believe that monopoly in power essential be avoided.With the Republican liberalism theory, it is believed that democary states do not go against each other as they share the same moral values, and to their mutually benifical tie of economic cooperation and interdependence. However, for the Arab countries in general and Syria in specific, the monarchy system has been adopted by these countries over the centuries. Based on the findings in the previous section, it was identified that there is no peaceful power transfer in Syria since 1970. The prolonged imbalanced situation has resulted in the rise of the awareness among the citizens.Besides the issues of wealth and porverty mentioned by IPE are critical in the world of politic. Violent conflicts nowadays can even take place inside the states due to the unstable economy, especially the weak states where the conflict can be bonded up with the development and underdevelopment. Since 1970, the Assad family has been tightly manipulated the economy. All the privileges of ecocomy went to the family and thus creating an imbalanced condition between the ruler and citize ns. In addition, due to the gigantism of population, there were no adequate job opportunities provided by the government to the citizens.As a result the unemployment rate has increased causing the people to suffer from poverty. Conclusion In a nutshell, the revolution in Syria is inevitable due to the number of reasons such as the adoption of monarchy system and unstability of economy. It is believed that the only way to terminate the civil war is through the assistance of external forces to suppress the furious citizens and introduce a fair and transparent political process for the selection of new ruler in the country for instance through the adoptation of democracy system.Bibliography Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Realism (international transaction). Retrieved 11 17, 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) Arab Spring. (2012, 09 21). Retrieved 11 20, 2012, from Sourcewatch http//www. sourcewatch. org/index. php? title=Arab_Spring BBC. (2012, 08 30). Sy ria The story of the conflict. Retrieved 11 04, 2012, from BBC news http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-middle-east-19331551 Jackson, R. (2010). Introduction to International relations Throries and approaches.Oxford University Press. Khera, J. (2012, 05 29). Syria crisis Counting the victims. Retrieved 11 04, 2012, from BBC News http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-middle-east-18093967 Manfreda, P. (2012). Syrian Uprising Top ten reasons for the uprising in Syria. Retrieved 11 5, 2012, from middleeast. about. com http//middleeast. about. com/od/syria/tp/Syrian-Uprising. htm Robert, G. (2010). Realism. In Introduction to International Relations (pp. 59-94). Oxfords Oxfords Univerity Press.